The Portland Art Museum in Portland, Oregon, United States, was founded in 1892, making it the oldest art museum on the West Coast and seventh oldest in the United States. Upon completion of the most recent renovations, the Portland Art Museum became one of the 25 largest art museums in the United States, at a total of 240,000 square feet (22,000 m²). The permanent collection has more than 42,000 works of art, and at least one major traveling exhibition is presented most of the time. The Portland Art Museum features a center for Native American art, a center for Northwest art, a center for modern and contemporary art, permanent exhibitions of Asian art, and an outdoor public sculpture garden. The Northwest Film Center is also a component of Portland Art Museum.
The mission of the Portland Art Museum is to serve the public by providing access to art of enduring quality, by educating a diverse audience about art and by collecting and preserving a wide range of art for the enrichment of present and future generations. The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, with accreditation through 2024.
Founding
The museum was founded in late 1892 when seven leaders from Portland's business and cultural institutions signed the letters of incorporation creating the Portland Art Association. The goal of the Association was to create a first-class art museum that would be accessible to all citizens.
The museum purchased its first collection of some one hundred plaster casts of Greek and Roman sculptures with its first gift from prominent local citizen Henry Corbett, who donated $10,000 for the acquisition. Another local citizen, Winslow B. Ayer, and his wife selected the casts during a trip to Europe after receiving advice on their purchase from museum professionals at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.
This initial collection purchased by Ayer, called the Corbett Collection, went on display in the Portland Art Museum's first location in the upper hall of the new library building at SW 7th and Stark Streets. It immediately became one of Portland's most important and popular cultural resources, attracting art groups, school field trips, and large audiences for lectures.
Early history
By the time of the Lewis & Clark Exposition held in Portland in 1905, the Portland Art Museum had outgrown its location in the public library and had moved into its own building at SW 5th and Taylor. The first exhibition in the new building featured watercolors and paintings that had come to Portland as part of the 1905 Exposition. Curator Henrietta H. Failing (the niece of founder Henry Failing) organized the exhibition with New England artist Frank Vincent DuMond.
Three years later, in 1908, the museum acquired its first original piece of art, "Afternoon Sky, Harney Desert" by American impressionist painter Childe Hassam, who frequented Malheur and Harney counties in Eastern Oregon with his friend, C.E.S. Wood.
Anna Belle Crocker succeeded Henrietta Failing as curator of the museum in 1909. She would remain at the museum until her retirement in 1936. Crocker became one of the Portland Art Museum's most important early figures. She was also the first head of the Museum Art School, which opened in 1909 and is now the Pacific Northwest College of Art.
In late 1913, the museum hosted one of its most important early exhibitions. The exhibition featured artwork that had been on display earlier that year at the famous 1913 New York Armory Show, which introduced American audiences to modern art. The exhibition included works by Cézanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse, Manet, Renoir, and the controversial Nude Descending a Staircase by Marcel Duchamp.
The museum continued to grow during the years following World War I. In the 1920s, the museum hosted two memorable exhibitions organized by Sally Lewis, the daughter of a prominent Portland family. Lewis had befriended many well-known artists on trips to New York and Europe. In 1923, Lewis organized an exhibition at the museum that included 44 paintings by Picasso, Matisse, André Derain and American modernists, such as Maurice Prendergast, Charles Burchfield, and Max Weber. She was also one of 22 patrons who purchased Derain's Tree for the museum's permanent collection. The success of her first exhibition led to her second, more daring endeavor a year later that juxtaposed paintings, drawings, and sculptures from Europe with African masks. Among the sculptures was Brâncuși's A Muse, which Lewis owned and donated to the museum in 1959.
Main building
The museum's final location opened to the public on November 18, 1932, at the corner of SW Park Avenue and Jefferson Street. The building, designed by noted Portland architect Pietro Belluschi, is situated along downtown Portland's South Park Blocks and remains a landmark in the city's Cultural District. It was constructed with a lead gift of $100,000 from Winslow B. Ayer, the same patron who selected the museum's collection of plaster casts 40 years earlier. For this reason, the original portion of today's larger main building is referred to as the Ayer Wing.
Barely six years later, construction began on a new wing to expand the main building. The Hirsch Wing, also designed by Pietro Belluschi, was funded largely through the bequest of Ella Hirsch in honor of her parents, Solomon and Josephine Hirsch. The new wing opened on September 15, 1939 and doubled the museum's gallery space.
Post war
In 1942, the Portland Art Museum celebrated a subdued 50th Anniversary thanks to World War II. But the following year in 1943, staff completed the museum's first full inventory, which counted a permanent collection of 3,300 objects and 750 works on long-term loan.
The next decade was distinguished by a series of record-setting exhibitions. In 1956, nearly 55,000 visitors came to the museum during the six-week run of an exhibition featuring paintings from the collection of Walter Chrysler. The exhibition was organized by the Portland Art Museum and toured nine other cities. More than 80,000 people visited for a Vincent van Gogh exhibition in 1959, the proceeds from which were used to purchase Water Lilies by Claude Monet. The 1950s also witnessed the creation of the museum's Docent Council in 1955, which created a core group of volunteers who continue to serve the museum to this day.
In the 1960s, the museum underwent another major renovation to build the Hoffman Memorial Wing, named for L. Hawley Hoffman, who served as president of the museum twice. Funded by the museum's first capital campaign, the new wing began construction in November 1968 and was finished in September 1970. Pietro Belluschi served as the architect again, and the project allowed him to realize a complete vision for the museum that he had conceived nearly 40 years earlier. The expansion created classroom and studio space for the Museum Art School, a sculpture mall, a new vault for the collections, and an auditorium.
Over the course of the next several decades, the collections and programs of the Portland Art Museum continued to grow and evolve. In 1978, Vivian and Gordon Gilkey began their association with the museum, bringing with them an extraordinary collection of thousands of works on paper that would eventually lead to the opening of the Vivian and Gordon Gilkey Center for Graphic Arts in 1993. Also in 1978, the Northwest Film Center was incorporated into the museum, offering a wide range of film festivals, classes, and outreach programs focused on the moving image arts.
Modern era
The Portland Art Museum celebrated its centennial in 1992, which was marked by successful negotiations to purchase the Masonic Temple, now known as the Mark Building. The purchase was completed in 1994, the same year that a capital campaign to finance a refurbishment of the Main Building began. This ambitious project included improving the galleries, reinstalling the permanent collection, and equipping the building with a climate control system. The refurbishment allowed the museum to host the most successful exhibition in its history: Imperial Tombs of China, which brought 430,000 visitors to the museum the following year.
A major renovation of the Hoffman Wing was completed in 2000 and added more than 50,000 square feet (5,000Â m2) of new gallery space to the museum. The first gallery space addition since 1939, the new galleries included the Grand Ronde Center for Native American Art and the Arlene and Harold Schnitzer Center for Northwest Art. The renovation was funded by the largest capital campaign ever undertaken by a cultural organization in the State of Oregon, which raised $45 million.
In 2001, the Portland Art Museum announced the largest single acquisition in its history when it purchased the private collection of renowned New York art critic Clement Greenberg. The 159 works by artists such as Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, and Anthony Caro substantially enhanced the museum's permanent collection of 20th century modern and contemporary art. To house this new collection, the museum renovated the former Masonic temple, transforming it into the 141,000-square-foot (13,100Â m2) Mark Building, which opened in October 2005. The renovation added the six-floor, 28,000-square-foot (2,600Â m2) Jubitz Center for Modern and Contemporary Art, the largest exhibition space for modern and contemporary art in the region. The Mark Building also houses the 33,000 volume Crumpacker Family Library, meeting spaces, ballrooms, and administrative offices.
Now with a collection consisting of some 40,000 objects, the Portland Art Museum is one of the leading cultural institutions in the Pacific Northwest. The museum is currently under the leadership of Brian Ferriso, The Marilyn H. and Dr. Robert B. Pamplin, Jr. Director since 2006. In 2007, Vincent van Gogh's 1884 painting The Ox-Cart was donated to the museum, becoming the first work of that artist in a Northwest museum. Beginning in December 2013, Francis Bacon's Three Studies of Lucian Freud went on display for three months shortly after it was sold at auction at the highest price ever paid for a work of art.
Artworks
The museum has a collection of over 40,000 objects and works of art. Among them:
- Castel Gandolfo by George Inness - The American Art Collection,
- Mount Hood by Albert Bierstadt - The American Art Collection,
- The finding of Moses (av. 1730) by Giambattista Pittoni
- Arrival of the Westerners by Kano School (Edo Period Screen) - The Asian Art Collection,
- Paris: Quai de Bercy â€" La Halle aux Vins by Paul Cézanne - The Modern and Contemporary Art Collection,
- Water Lilies by Claude Monet - The Modern and Contemporary Art Collection,
- The Prince Patutszky Red by Jules Olitski - The Modern and Contemporary Art Collection
- Seine at Argentieul by Pierre Renoir
- River at Lavacourt by Claude Monet
- The Ox-Cart by Vincent van Gogh
- "Nativity" by Taddeo Gaddi
- "Madonna and Child" by Cecco di Pietro
- "Allegory Figure of Woman" by Franz Von Stuck
- "Top of The Town" by Roger Brown
- "A Muse" by Constantin Brâncuși
Oregon Biennial
The Oregon Biennial was a biennial art exhibition held every two years at PAM. In 2007, it was replaced by the Contemporary Northwest Art Awards or CNAA, which will be held every two years and covers artists in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana selected from a shortlist of artists. One artist from the CNAA show will be awarded the $10,000 Arlene Schnitzer Prize.
Crumpacker Family Library
The Crumpacker Family Library, founded with the museum in 1892, contains over 40,000 catalogued items. The library is open to the public, with computers and wireless internet available for use. Visitors can view past Museum lectures and artist videos in the media room. Reference help is available via phone, email, or in-person visits. The library is located on the second floor of the Mark Building, and is open Monday through Thursday from noon until five PM.
References
External links
- Rembrandt and the Golden Age of Dutch Art: Treasures from the Rijksmuseum Portland Art Museum Special Exhibition
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